This is a list of questions I have gathered and created over a period of time from my experience, many of which I felt where incomplete or simply wrong.  I have finally taken the time to go through each question and correct them to the best of my ability.  However, please feel free to post feedback to challenge, improve, or suggest new questions.  I want to thank those of you that have contributed quality questions and corrections thus far.

There are some questions in this list that I do not consider to be good questions for an interview.  However, they do exist on other lists available on the Internet so I felt compelled to keep them here for easy access.

1.    Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process.
inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension), the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.
 

2.    What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()?
Response.Output.Write() allows you to write formatted output. 
 

3.    What methods are fired during the page load?
Init() - when the page is instantiated
Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user as HTML
Unload() - when page finishes loading. 
 

4.    When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
After the Init() and before the Page_Load(), or OnLoad() for a control. 
 

5.    What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
System.Web.UI.Page 
 

6.    Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
System.Web.UI.Page.Culture 
 

7.    What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" andSrc="MyCode.aspx.cs"?
CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only. 
 

8.    What’s a bubbled event?
When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents. 
 

9.    Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver for a certain button.  Where do you add an event handler?
Add an OnMouseOver attribute to the button.  Example: btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onmouseover","someClientCodeHere();"); 
 

10.  What data types do the RangeValidator control support?
Integer, String, and Date. 
 

11.  Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Server-side code executes on the server.  Client-side code executes in the client's browser. 
 

12.  What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
The answer is server-side code since code-behind is executed on the server.  However, during the code-behind's execution on the server, it can render client-side code such as JavaScript to be processed in the clients browser.  But just to be clear, code-behind executes on the server, thus making it server-side code. 
 

13.  Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side?  Why?
All user input data validation should occur on the server at a minimum.  Additionally, client-side validation can be performed where deemed appropriate and feasable to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user. 
 

14.  What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect?  Why would I choose one over the other?
Server.Transfer transfers page processing from one page directly to the next page without making a round-trip back to the client's browser.  This provides a faster response with a little less overhead on the server.  Server.Transfer does not update the clients url history list or current url.  Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user's browser to another page or site.  This performas a trip back to the client where the client's browser is redirected to the new page.  The user's browser history list is updated to reflect the new address. 
 

15.  Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Valid answers are:
·  A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
·  A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
·  Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
·  There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
·  DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
·  You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
·  Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources. 
 

16.  What is the Global.asax used for?
The Global.asax (including the Global.asax.cs file) is used to implement application and session level events. 
 

17.  What are the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines used for?
This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects. 
 

18.  Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class.  Example: With a base class named Employee, a Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class. 
 

19.  Whats an assembly?
Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN 
 

20.  Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page. 
 

21.  Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML.  A good use is reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service. 
 

22.  Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL.  MSIL also allows the .NET Framework to JIT compile the assembly on the installed computer. 
 

23.  Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
The Fill() method. 
 

24.  Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
No, it just reads the information from its data source. 
 

25.  Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
ItemTemplate. 
 

26.  How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
Use the AlternatingItemTemplate. 
 

27.  What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from a data source to the Repeater control?
You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method. 
 

28.  What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
The Page class. 
 

29.  Name two properties common in every validation control?
ControlToValidate property and Text property. 
 

30.  Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
DataTextField property. 
 

31.  Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?
CompareValidator control. 
 

32.  How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
It can contain many classes.
 

Web Service Questions

1.    What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service?
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) is the preferred protocol. 
 

2.    True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET?
False 
 

3.    What does WSDL stand for?
Web Services Description Language. 
 

4.    Where on the Internet would you look for Web services?
http://www.uddi.org 
 

5.    True or False: To test a Web service you must create a Windows application or Web application to consume this service?
False, the web service comes with a test page and it provides HTTP-GET method to test.
 

State Management Questions

1.    What is ViewState?
ViewState allows the state of objects (serializable) to be stored in a hidden field on the page.  ViewState is transported to the client and back to the server, and is not stored on the server or any other external source.  ViewState is used the retain the state of server-side objects between postabacks. 
 

2.    What is the lifespan for items stored in ViewState?
Item stored in ViewState exist for the life of the current page.  This includes postbacks (to the same page). 
 

3.    What does the "EnableViewState" property do?  Why would I want it on or off?
It allows the page to save the users input on a form across postbacks.  It saves the server-side values for a given control into ViewState, which is stored as a hidden value on the page before sending the page to the clients browser.  When the page is posted back to the server the server control is recreated with the state stored in viewstate. 
 

4.    What are the different types of Session state management options available with ASP.NET?
ASP.NET provides In-Process and Out-of-Process state management.  In-Process stores the session in memory on the web server.  This requires the a "sticky-server" (or no load-balancing) so that the user is always reconnected to the same web server.  Out-of-Process Session state management stores data in an external data source.  The external data source may be either a SQL Server or a State Server service.  Out-of-Process state management requires that all objects stored in session are serializable.

.NET Remoting Interview Questions

To Do: Comfirm these are correct answers.  Many of these question I have obtained from other sources and have found they are not entirely correct, or simply wrong.

1.    What’s a Windows process?
It’s an application that’s running and had been allocated memory.
 

2.    What’s typical about a Windows process in regards to memory allocation?
Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space, no process can access another process’ code or data. If the process crashes, it dies alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down. 
 

3.    Explain what relationship is between a Process, Application Domain, and Application?
A process is an instance of a running application. An application is an executable on the hard drive or network. There can be numerous processes launched of the same application (5 copies of Word running), but 1 process can run just 1 application. 
  

4.    What are possible implementations of distributed applications in .NET?
.NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services. 
 

5.    What are the consideration in deciding to use .NET Remoting or ASP.NET Web Services?
Remoting is a more efficient communication exchange when you can control both ends of the application involved in the communication process.  Web Services provide an open-protocol-based exchange of informaion.  Web Services are best when you need to communicate with an external organization or another (non-.NET) technology.
  

6.    What’s a proxy of the server object in .NET Remoting?
It’s a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. This process is also known as marshaling. 
 

7.    What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting?
Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed. 
 

8.    What are channels in .NET Remoting?
Channels represent the objects that transfer the other serialized objects from one application domain to another and from one computer to another, as well as one process to another on the same box. A channel must exist before an object can be transferred. 
 

9.    What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting?
None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level. 
 

10.  What is a formatter?
A formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end. 
 

11.  Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the trade-offs?
Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.
 

12.  What’s SingleCall activation mode used for?
If the server object is instantiated for responding to just one single request, the request should be made in SingleCall mode. 
 

13.  What’s Singleton activation mode?
A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease. 
 

14.  How do you define the lease of the object?
By implementing ILease interface when writing the class code. 
 

15.  Can you configure a .NET Remoting object via XML file?
Yes, via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config. 
 

1.    What is datagrid? The DataGrid Web server control is a powerful tool for displaying information from a data source. It is easy to use; you can display editable data in a professional-looking grid by setting only a few properties. At the same time, the grid has a sophisticated object model that provides you with great flexibility in how you display the data.

2.    What’s the difference between the System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid and and System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid? The Web UI control does not inherently support master-detail data structures. As with other Web server controls, it does not support two-way data binding. If you want to update data, you must write code to do this yourself. You can only edit one row at a time. It does not inherently support sorting, although it raises events you can handle in order to sort the grid contents. You can bind the Web Forms DataGrid to any object that supports the IEnumerable interface. The Web Forms DataGrid control supports paging. It is easy to customize the appearance and layout of the Web Forms DataGrid control as compared to the Windows Forms one.

3.    How do you customize the column content inside the datagrid? If you want to customize the content of a column, make the column a template column. Template columns work like item templates in the DataList or Repeater control, except that you are defining the layout of a column rather than a row.

4.    How do you apply specific formatting to the data inside the cells? You cannot specify formatting for columns generated when the grid’s AutoGenerateColumns property is set to true, only for bound or template columns. To format, set the column’s DataFormatString property to a string-formatting expression suitable for the data type of the data you are formatting.

5.    How do you hide the columns? One way to have columns appear dynamically is to create them at design time, and then to hide or show them as needed. You can do this by setting a column’s Visible property.

6.    How do you display an editable drop-down list? Displaying a drop-down list requires a template column in the grid. Typically, the ItemTemplate contains a control such as a data-bound Label control to show the current value of a field in the record. You then add a drop-down list to the EditItemTemplate. In Visual Studio, you can add a template column in the Property builder for the grid, and then use standard template editing to remove the default TextBox control from the EditItemTemplate and drag a DropDownList control into it instead. Alternatively, you can add the template column in HTML view. After you have created the template column with the drop-down list in it, there are two tasks. The first is to populate the list. The second is to preselect the appropriate item in the list — for example, if a book’s genre is set to “fiction,” when the drop-down list displays, you often want “fiction” to be preselected.

7.    How do you check whether the row data has been changed? The definitive way to determine whether a row has been dirtied is to handle the changed event for the controls in a row. For example, if your grid row contains a TextBox control, you can respond to the control’s TextChanged event. Similarly, for check boxes, you can respond to a CheckedChanged event. In the handler for these events, you maintain a list of the rows to be updated. Generally, the best strategy is to track the primary keys of the affected rows. For example, you can maintain an ArrayList object that contains the primary keys of the rows to update.

Here's a list of some questions I use when interviewing .Net developers. It is not exhaustive, but should give the interviewer an idea of the basic level of expertise an individual has. If the interview is for a senior developer, these questions should be followed by more in-depth questions that relate to the specific projects (Web Services, SOA, XML, etc).

ASP.Net

Q. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
A. Server-side code executes on the server. Client-side code executes in the context of the clients' browser.

Q. What are some ways to manage state in an ASP.Net application?
A. Session objects, Application objects, ViewState, cookies, hidden form fields.

Q. What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?
A. It allows page objects to save their state in a Base64 encoded string in the page HTML. One should only have it enabled when needed because it adds to the page size and can get fairly large for complex pages with many controls. (It takes longer to download the page).

Q. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
A. Server.Transfer transfers excution directly to another page. Response.Redirect sends a response to the client and directs the client (the browser) to load the new page (it causes a roundtrip). If you don't need to execute code on the client, Transfer is more efficient.

Q. How can I maintain Session state in a Web Farm or Web Garden?
A. Use a State Server or SQL Server to store the session state.

Q. What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?
A. The Page class.

Q. What does WSDL stand for? What does it do?
A.(Web Services Description Language). It describes the interfaces and other information of a web service.

Q. Which  WebForm Validator control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different WebForm controls matched?
A. CompareValidator Control

Q. What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control?
A. You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.

C# Questions

Q. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
A. Inheritance allows us to extend the functionality of a base class. It is an "Is a" type of relationship rather than a "Uses" type of relationship (a dalmation IS A dog which IS A canine which IS A mammal - dalmations inherist from dog which inherits from canine which inherits from mammal). All child classes retain the properties and methods of their parent classes but may override them. When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee. A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.

Q. Does C# support multiple-inheritance?
A. No, use interfaces instead.

Q. Can you prevent your class from being inherited by another class?
A. Yes.  The keyword “sealed” will prevent the class from being inherited.

Q. What does the keyword “virtual” declare for a method or property?
A. The method or property can be overridden.

Q. What's the top .NET class that everything is derived from?
A. System.Object.

Q. What does it mean that a String is immutable?
A. Strings cannot be altered. When you alter a string (by adding to it for example), you are actually creating a new string.

Q. If I have to alter a string many times, such as mutliple concatenations, what class should I use?
A. StringBuilder. It is not immutable and is very efficient.

Q. In a Try - Catch - Finally block, will the finally block execute if an exception has not occurred? If an Exception has occurred?
A. Yes and yes.

Q. Whats MSIL, and why should developers need an appreciation of it, if at all?
A. MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL.

Q. Explain the three tier or n-Tier model.
A. Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).

Q. What is SOA?
A. Service Oriented Architecture. In SOA you create an abstract layer that your applications use to access various "services" and can aggregate the services. These services could be databases, web services, message queues or other sources. The Service Layer provides a way to access these services that the applications do not need to know how the access is done. For example, to get a full customer record, I might need to get data from a SGL Server database, a web service and a message queue. The Service layer hides this from the calling application. All the application knows is that it asked for a full customer record. It doesn't know what system or systems it came from or how it was retrieved.

Q. What is the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections?
A. It returns a forward-only, read-only view of data from the data source when the command is executed.

Q. Is XML case-sensitive?
A. Yes.

Q. What is the CLR?
A. Common Language Runtime

Q. Can you explain some differences between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset? (Or describe some features of a Dataset).
A. A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.  A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.  Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.  There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.  DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.  You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation. Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources

Q. Name some of the Microsoft Application Blocks. Have you used any? Which ones?
A. Examples:
Exception Management
Logging
Data Access
User Interface
Caching Application Block for .NET
Asynchronous Invocation Application Block for .NET
Configuration Management Application Block for .NET
(there are others) We use Exception and Data Access

1.    What is the base class of .NET?

2.    Explain assemblies.

3.    Name some of the languages .NET support?

4.    ADO.NET features? Benefits? Drawbacks?

5.    How many types of exception handlers are there in .NET?

6.    Difference between Panel and GroupBox classes?

7.    What is the base class of Button control?

8.    What is Response object? How is it related to ASP’s Response object?

9.    What is IIS? Have you used it?

10.  Main differences between ASP and ASP.NET.

more interview questions - all .NET and Web dev interview questions

18 Comments »

1.    Main differences between ASP and ASP.NET.

asp contains scrips which are not compiled
where as in asp.net the code is compiled

Tech Interviews comment by Ashraf

2.    7.What is the base class of Button control?
system.object

Tech Interviews comment by Ashraf

3.    Some of the languages that are supported by .NET

1. Visual Basic.NET
2. Visual C#
3. Visual C++

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

4.    What is IIS? Have you used it?

IIS - Internet Information Server

IIS is used to access the ASP.Net web applications

Yes, I used in ASP.NET web applications.

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

5.    Main difference between ASP and ASP.NET

ASP code will be interpretted

whereas the code written in ASP.NET will be compiled.

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

6.    ADO.NET features

1. Data will be retrieved through Datasets
2. Scalability

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

7.    Explain assemblies

Assemblies are similar to dll files. Both has the reusable pieces of code in the form of classes/ functions. Dll needs to be registered but assemblies have its own metadata.

Tech Interviews comment by Kavitha Vijayaraghavan

8.    Explain Assemblies?
Assembly is a single deployable unit that contains information about the implementation of classes, structures and interfaces. it also stores the information about itself called metadata and includes name and verison of the assembly, security information, information about the dependencies and the list of files that constitute the assembly.

Assembly also contains namespaces. In the .Net Framework, applications are deployed in the form of assemblies.

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

9.    How many types of exception handlers are there in .NET?
1. Unstructured Exception Handling
2. Strutured Exception Handling

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

10.  ADO.NET features

1. Disconnected Data Architecture
2. Data cached in Datasets
3. Data transfer in XML format
4. Interaction with the database is done through data commands

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

11.  What is the base class of Button control?

Listing from visual studio .net > Button Class

System.Object
System.MarshalByRefObject
System.ComponentModel.Component
System.Windows.Forms.Control
System.Windows.Forms.ButtonBase
System.Windows.Forms.Button

Tech Interviews comment by flupo

12.  How many types of exception handlers are there in .NET?

From
MSDN>> “How the Runtime Manages Exceptions”

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/cpguide/html/cpconexceptionsoverview.asp

The exception information table represents four types of exception handlers for protected blocks:

A finally handler that executes whenever the block exits, whether that occurs by normal control flow or by an unhandled exception.

A fault handler that must execute if an exception occurs, but does not execute on completion of normal control flow.

A type-filtered handler that handles any exception of a specified class or any of its derived classes.

A user-filtered handler that runs user-specified code to determine whether the exception should be handled by the associated handler or should be passed to the next protected block.

Tech Interviews comment by flupo

13.  Difference between Panel and GroupBox classes?

Panel is scrollable

Tech Interviews comment by flupo

14.  Difference between Panel and GroupBox classes?

Panel & Group box both can used as container for other controls like radio buttons & check box.

the difference in panel & group box are
Panel
1) In case of panel captions cannot be displayed
2) Can have scroll bars.

Group box
1) Captions can be displayed.
2) Cannot have a scroll bar

Tech Interviews comment by Arun kumar Rachakonda

15.  This article is super, but any one can tell me how to face an interview, and good interview questions in c# .net asp.net with answers please.

Tech Interviews comment by ramkiran

16.  What are the advantages and drawbacks of using ADO.NET?

Pros
====
ADO.NET is rich with plenty of features that are bound to impress even the most skeptical of programmers. If this weren’t the case, Microsoft wouldn’t even be able to get anyone to use the Beta. What we’ve done here is come up with a short list of some of the more outstanding benefits to using the ADO.NET architecture and the System.Data namespace.

* Performance – there is no doubt that ADO.NET is extremely fast. The actual figures vary depending on who performed the test and which benchmark was being used, but ADO.NET performs much, much faster at the same tasks than its predecessor, ADO. Some of the reasons why ADO.NET is faster than ADO are discussed in the ADO versus ADO.NET section later in this chapter.

* Optimized SQL Provider – in addition to performing well under general circumstances, ADO.NET includes a SQL Server Data Provider that is highly optimized for interaction with SQL Server. It uses SQL Server’s own TDS (Tabular Data Stream) format for exchanging information. Without question, your SQL Server 7 and above data access operations will run blazingly fast utilizing this optimized Data Provider.

* XML Support (and Reliance) – everything you do in ADO.NET at some point will boil down to the use of XML. In fact, many of the classes in ADO.NET, such as the DataSet, are so intertwined with XML that they simply cannot exist or function without utilizing the technology. You’ll see later when we compare and contrast the “old” and the “new” why the reliance on XML for internal storage provides many, many advantages, both to the framework and to the programmer utilizing the class library.

* Disconnected Operation Model – the core ADO.NET class, the DataSet, operates in an entirely disconnected fashion. This may be new to some programmers, but it is a remarkably efficient and scalable architecture. Because the disconnected model allows for the DataSet class to be unaware of the origin of its data, an unlimited number of supported data sources can be plugged into code without any hassle in the future.

* Rich Object Model – the entire ADO.NET architecture is built on a hierarchy of class inheritance and interface implementation. Once you start looking for things you need within this namespace, you’ll find that the logical inheritance of features and base class support makes the entire system extremely easy to use, and very customizable to suit your own needs. It is just another example of how everything in the .NET framework is pushing toward a trend of strong application design and strong OOP implementations.

Cons
====
Hard as it may be to believe, there are a couple of drawbacks or disadvantages to using the ADO.NET architecture. I’m sure others can find many more faults than we list here, but we decided to stick with a short list of some of the more obvious and important shortcomings of the technology.

* Managed-Only Access – for a few obvious reasons, and some far more technical, you cannot utilize the ADO.NET architecture from anything but managed code. This means that there is no COM interoperability allowed for ADO.NET. Therefore, in order to take advantage of the advanced SQL Server Data Provider and any other feature like DataSets, XML internal data storage, etc, your code must be running under the CLR.

* Only Three Managed Data Providers (so far) – unfortunately, if you need to access any data that requires a driver that cannot be used through either an OLEDB provider or the SQL Server Data Provider, then you may be out of luck. However, the good news is that the OLEDB provider for ODBC is available for download from Microsoft. At that point the down-side becomes one of performance, in which you are invoking multiple layers of abstraction as well as crossing the COM InterOp gap, incurring some initial overhead as well.

* Learning Curve – despite the misleading name, ADO.NET is not simply a new version of ADO, nor should it even be considered a direct successor. ADO.NET should be thought of more as the data access class library for use with the .NET framework. The difficulty in learning to use ADO.NET to its fullest is that a lot of it does seem familiar. It is this that causes some common pitfalls. Programmers need to learn that even though some syntax may appear the same, there is actually a considerable amount of difference in the internal workings of many classes. For example (this will be discussed in far more detail later), an ADO.NET DataSet is nothing at all like a disconnected ADO RecordSet. Some may consider a learning curve a drawback, but I consider learning curves more like scheduling issues. There’s a learning curve in learning anything new; it’s just up to you to schedule that curve into your time so that you can learn the new technology at a pace that fits your schedule.

Source: http://www.vbip.com/books/1861005563/chapter_5563_06.asp

Tech Interviews comment by Rajaraaman Muralimanoharan

17.  What is the use of ErrorProvider Control?

Saddam

Tech Interviews comment by Saddam

18.  Q) What are assemblies ?

ANSWER

An assembly is a single deployable unit that contains all the information about the implementation of :

- classes
- structures and
- interfaces

An assembly stores all the information about itself. This information is called METADATA and include the name and the verison number of the assembly, security information, information about the dependencies and a lost of files that constitute the assembly.

All the application developed using the .NET framework are made up of assemblies.

MS SQL Server interview questions

This one always gets asked. For a while the database interview questions were limited to Oracle and generic database design questions. This is a set of more than a hundred Microsoft SQL Server interview questions. Some questions are open-ended, and some do not have answers.

1.    What is normalization? - Well a relational database is basically composed of tables that contain related data. So the Process of organizing this data into tables is actually referred to as normalization.

2.    What is a Stored Procedure? - Its nothing but a set of T-SQL statements combined to perform a single task of several tasks. Its basically like a Macro so when you invoke the Stored procedure, you actually run a set of statements.

3.    Can you give an example of Stored Procedure? - sp_helpdb , sp_who2, sp_renamedb are a set of system defined stored procedures. We can also have user defined stored procedures which can be called in similar way.

4.    What is a trigger? - Triggers are basically used to implement business rules. Triggers is also similar to stored procedures. The difference is that it can be activated when data is added or edited or deleted from a table in a database.

5.    What is a view? - If we have several tables in a db and we want to view only specific columns from specific tables we can go for views. It would also suffice the needs of security some times allowing specfic users to see only specific columns based on the permission that we can configure on the view. Views also reduce the effort that is required for writing queries to access specific columns every time.

6.    What is an Index? - When queries are run against a db, an index on that db basically helps in the way the data is sorted to process the query for faster and data retrievals are much faster when we have an index.

7.    What are the types of indexes available with SQL Server? - There are basically two types of indexes that we use with the SQL Server. Clustered and the Non-Clustered.

8.    What is the basic difference between clustered and a non-clustered index? - The difference is that, Clustered index is unique for any given table and we can have only one clustered index on a table. The leaf level of a clustered index is the actual data and the data is resorted in case of clustered index. Whereas in case of non-clustered index the leaf level is actually a pointer to the data in rows so we can have as many non-clustered indexes as we can on the db.

9.    What are cursors? - Well cursors help us to do an operation on a set of data that we retreive by commands such as Select columns from table. For example : If we have duplicate records in a table we can remove it by declaring a cursor which would check the records during retreival one by one and remove rows which have duplicate values.

10.  When do we use the UPDATE_STATISTICS command? - This command is basically used when we do a large processing of data. If we do a large amount of deletions any modification or Bulk Copy into the tables, we need to basically update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.

11.  Which TCP/IP port does SQL Server run on? - SQL Server runs on port 1433 but we can also change it for better security.

12.  From where can you change the default port? - From the Network Utility TCP/IP properties –> Port number.both on client and the server.

13.  Can you tell me the difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands? - Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.

14.  Can we use Truncate command on a table which is referenced by FOREIGN KEY? - No. We cannot use Truncate command on a table with Foreign Key because of referential integrity.

15.  What is the use of DBCC commands? - DBCC stands for database consistency checker. We use these commands to check the consistency of the databases, i.e., maintenance, validation task and status checks.

16.  Can you give me some DBCC command options?(Database consistency check) - DBCC CHECKDB - Ensures that tables in the db and the indexes are correctly linked.and DBCC CHECKALLOC - To check that all pages in a db are correctly allocated. DBCC SQLPERF - It gives report on current usage of transaction log in percentage. DBCC CHECKFILEGROUP - Checks all tables file group for any damage.

17.  What command do we use to rename a db? - sp_renamedb ‘oldname’ , ‘newname’

18.  Well sometimes sp_reanmedb may not work you know because if some one is using the db it will not accept this command so what do you think you can do in such cases? - In such cases we can first bring to db to single user using sp_dboptions and then we can rename that db and then we can rerun the sp_dboptions command to remove the single user mode.

19.  What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE? - Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.

20.  What do you mean by COLLATION? - Collation is basically the sort order. There are three types of sort order Dictionary case sensitive, Dictonary - case insensitive and Binary.

21.  What is a Join in SQL Server? - Join actually puts data from two or more tables into a single result set.

22.  Can you explain the types of Joins that we can have with Sql Server? - There are three types of joins: Inner Join, Outer Join, Cross Join

23.  When do you use SQL Profiler? - SQL Profiler utility allows us to basically track connections to the SQL Server and also determine activities such as which SQL Scripts are running, failed jobs etc..

24.  What is a Linked Server? - Linked Servers is a concept in SQL Server by which we can add other SQL Server to a Group and query both the SQL Server dbs using T-SQL Statements.

25.  Can you link only other SQL Servers or any database servers such as Oracle? - We can link any server provided we have the OLE-DB provider from Microsoft to allow a link. For Oracle we have a OLE-DB provider for oracle that microsoft provides to add it as a linked server to the sql server group.

26.  Which stored procedure will you be running to add a linked server? - sp_addlinkedserver, sp_addlinkedsrvlogin

27.  What are the OS services that the SQL Server installation adds? - MS SQL SERVER SERVICE, SQL AGENT SERVICE, DTC (Distribution transac co-ordinator)

28.  Can you explain the role of each service? - SQL SERVER - is for running the databases SQL AGENT - is for automation such as Jobs, DB Maintanance, Backups DTC - Is for linking and connecting to other SQL Servers

29.  How do you troubleshoot SQL Server if its running very slow? - First check the processor and memory usage to see that processor is not above 80% utilization and memory not above 40-45% utilization then check the disk utilization using Performance Monitor, Secondly, use SQL Profiler to check for the users and current SQL activities and jobs running which might be a problem. Third would be to run UPDATE_STATISTICS command to update the indexes

30.  Lets say due to N/W or Security issues client is not able to connect to server or vice versa. How do you troubleshoot? - First I will look to ensure that port settings are proper on server and client Network utility for connections. ODBC is properly configured at client end for connection ——Makepipe & readpipe are utilities to check for connection. Makepipe is run on Server and readpipe on client to check for any connection issues.

31.  What are the authentication modes in SQL Server? - Windows mode and mixed mode (SQL & Windows).

32.  Where do you think the users names and passwords will be stored in sql server? - They get stored in master db in the sysxlogins table.

33.  What is log shipping? Can we do logshipping with SQL Server 7.0 - Logshipping is a new feature of SQL Server 2000. We should have two SQL Server - Enterprise Editions. From Enterprise Manager we can configure the logshipping. In logshipping the transactional log file from one server is automatically updated into the backup database on the other server. If one server fails, the other server will have the same db and we can use this as the DR (disaster recovery) plan.

34.  Let us say the SQL Server crashed and you are rebuilding the databases including the master database what procedure to you follow? - For restoring the master db we have to stop the SQL Server first and then from command line we can type SQLSERVER –m which will basically bring it into the maintenance mode after which we can restore the master db.

35.  Let us say master db itself has no backup. Now you have to rebuild the db so what kind of action do you take? - (I am not sure- but I think we have a command to do it).

36.  What is BCP? When do we use it? - BulkCopy is a tool used to copy huge amount of data from tables and views. But it won’t copy the structures of the same.

37.  What should we do to copy the tables, schema and views from one SQL Server to another? - We have to write some DTS packages for it.

38.  What are the different types of joins and what dies each do?

39.  What are the four main query statements?

40.  What is a sub-query? When would you use one?

41.  What is a NOLOCK?

42.  What are three SQL keywords used to change or set someone’s permissions?

43.  What is the difference between HAVING clause and the WHERE clause?

44.  What is referential integrity? What are the advantages of it?

45.  What is database normalization?

46.  Which command using Query Analyzer will give you the version of SQL server and operating system?

47.  Using query analyzer, name 3 ways you can get an accurate count of the number of records in a table?

48.  What is the purpose of using COLLATE in a query?

49.  What is a trigger?

50.  What is one of the first things you would do to increase performance of a query? For example, a boss tells you that “a query that ran yesterday took 30 seconds, but today it takes 6 minutes”

51.  What is an execution plan? When would you use it? How would you view the execution plan?

52.  What is the STUFF function and how does it differ from the REPLACE function?

53.  What does it mean to have quoted_identifier on? What are the implications of having it off?

54.  What are the different types of replication? How are they used?

55.  What is the difference between a local and a global variable?

56.  What is the difference between a Local temporary table and a Global temporary table? How is each one used?

57.  What are cursors? Name four types of cursors and when each one would be applied?

58.  What is the purpose of UPDATE STATISTICS?

59.  How do you use DBCC statements to monitor various aspects of a SQL server installation?

60.  How do you load large data to the SQL server database?

61.  How do you check the performance of a query and how do you optimize it?

62.  How do SQL server 2000 and XML linked? Can XML be used to access data?

63.  What is SQL server agent?

64.  What is referential integrity and how is it achieved?

65.  What is indexing?

66.  What is normalization and what are the different forms of normalizations?

67.  Difference between server.transfer and server.execute method?

68.  What id de-normalization and when do you do it?

69.  What is better - 2nd Normal form or 3rd normal form? Why?

70.  Can we rewrite subqueries into simple select statements or with joins? Example?

71.  What is a function? Give some example?

72.  What is a stored procedure?

73.  Difference between Function and Procedure-in general?

74.  Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?

75.  Can a stored procedure call another stored procedure. If yes what level and can it be controlled?

76.  Can a stored procedure call itself(recursive). If yes what level and can it be controlled.?

77.  How do you find the number of rows in a table?

78.  Difference between Cluster and Non-cluster index?

79.  What is a table called, if it does not have neither Cluster nor Non-cluster Index?

80.  Explain DBMS, RDBMS?

81.  Explain basic SQL queries with SELECT from where Order By, Group By-Having?

82.  Explain the basic concepts of SQL server architecture?

83.  Explain couple pf features of SQL server

84.  Scalability, Availability, Integration with internet, etc.)?

85.  Explain fundamentals of Data ware housing & OLAP?

86.  Explain the new features of SQL server 2000?

87.  How do we upgrade from SQL Server 6.5 to 7.0 and 7.0 to 2000?

88.  What is data integrity? Explain constraints?

89.  Explain some DBCC commands?

90.  Explain sp_configure commands, set commands?

91.  Explain what are db_options used for?

92.  What is the basic functions for master, msdb, tempdb databases?

93.  What is a job?

94.  What are tasks?

95.  What are primary keys and foreign keys?

96.  How would you Update the rows which are divisible by 10, given a set of numbers in column?

97.  If a stored procedure is taking a table data type, how it looks?

98.  How m-m relationships are implemented?

99.  How do you know which index a table is using?

100.                 How will oyu test the stored procedure taking two parameters namely first name and last name returning full name?

101.                 How do you find the error, how can you know the number of rows effected by last SQL statement?

102.                 How can you get @@error and @@rowcount at the same time?

103.                 What are sub-queries? Give example? In which case sub-queries are not feasible?

104.                 What are the type of joins? When do we use Outer and Self joins?

105.                 Which virtual table does a trigger use?

106.                 How do you measure the performance of a stored procedure?

107.                 Questions regarding Raiseerror?

108.                 Questions on identity?

Tough ASP.NET interview questions

 

1.    Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process?

2.    What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a “standard” EXE?

3.    What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address? Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect a system design?

4.    What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?

5.    What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why?

6.    What’s wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString

7.    What are PDBs? Where must they be located for debugging to work?

8.    What is cyclomatic complexity and why is it important?

9.    Write a standard lock() plus double check to create a critical section around a variable access.

10.  What is FullTrust? Do GAC’ed assemblies have FullTrust?

11.  What benefit does your code receive if you decorate it with attributes demanding specific Security permissions?

12.  What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i “about”

13.  What does this do? sn -t foo.dll

14.  What ports must be open for DCOM over a firewall? What is the purpose of Port 135?

15.  Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each

16.  How does the XmlSerializer work? What ACL permissions does a process using it require?

17.  Why is catch(Exception) almost always a bad idea?

18.  What is the difference between Debug.Write and Trace.Write? When should each be used?

19.  What is the difference between a Debug and Release build? Is there a significant speed difference? Why or why not?

20.  Does JITting occur per-assembly or per-method? How does this affect the working set?

21.  Contrast the use of an abstract base class against an interface?

22.  What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?

23.  In the context of a comparison, what is object identity versus object equivalence?

24.  How would one do a deep copy in .NET?

25.  Explain current thinking around IClonable.

26.  What is boxing?

27.  Is string a value type or a reference type?

Visit Scott Hanselman’s blog for more ASP.NET interview questions he asks.

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16 Comments »

1.    Ans2)
ASHX files contain HTTP handlers.
HTTP Handlers are nothing but software modules that handle raw HTTP requests received by ASP.NET
With .ASHX files one can easily deploy HTTP Handlers without modifying IIS metabase.

Tech Interviews comment by raj kiran jampa

2.    13.What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a “standard” EXE?

Windows Service applications are long-running applications that are ideal for use in server environments. The applications do not have a user interface or produce any visual output; it is instead used by other programs or the system to perform operations. Any user messages are typically written to the Windows Event Log. Services can be automatically started when the computer is booted. This makes services ideal for use on a server or whenever you need long-running functionality that does not interfere with other users who are working on the same computer. They do not require a logged in user in order to execute and can run under the context of any user including the system. Windows Services are controlled through the Service Control Manager where they can be stopped, paused, and started as needed.

How does the lifecycle of Windows services differ from Standard EXE?

Windows services lifecycle is managed by “Service Control Manager” which is responsible for starting and stopping the service and the applications do not have a user interface or produce any visual output, but “Standard executable” doesn’t require Control Manager and is directly related to the visual output

Tech Interviews comment by Anu

3.    33. What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?
a=b is used for assigning the values (rather then comparison) and a==b is for comparison.

Tech Interviews comment by Rakshit R Pitalia

4.    difference between thread and process?

Thread - is used to execute more than one program at a time.

process - executes single program

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

5.    What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?

a == b is used to compare the references of two objects

a.Equals(b) is used to compare two objects

Tech Interviews comment by Nirmalya

6.    string is actually ref Type but some difference with other ref object

Tech Interviews comment by X

7.    Boxing:
Convertion of value type to ref type

Tech Interviews comment by X

8.    IClonable interface is used to clone objects like constructor copy in c++

Tech Interviews comment by X

9.    Q1 - o A thread is a path of execution that run on CPU, a proccess is a collection of threads that share the same virtual memory. A process have at least one thread of execution, and a thread always run in a process context.

Q5 - Strong type is checking the types of variables as soon as possible, usually at compile time. While weak typing is delaying checking the types of the system as late as possible, usually to run-time. Which is preferred depends on what you want. For scripts & quick stuff you’ll usually want weak typing, because you want to write as much less (is this a correct way to use Ensligh?) code as possible. In big programs, strong typing can reduce errors at compile time.

Q7 - To debug precompiled components such as business objects and code-behind modules, you need to generate debug symbols. To do this, compile the components with the debug flags by using either Visual Studio .NET or a command line compiler such as Csc.exe (for Microsoft Visual C# .NET) or Vbc.exe (for Microsoft Visual Visual Basic .NET).

Using Visual Studio .NET1. Open the ASP.NET Web Application project in Visual Studio .NET.
2. Right-click the project in the Solution Explorer and click Properties.
3. In the Properties dialog box, click the Configuration Properties folder.
4. In the left pane, select Build.
5. Set Generate Debugging Information to true.
6. Close the Properties dialog box.
7. Right-click the project and click Build to compile the project and generate symbols (.pdb files).

Q10 - Your code is allowed to do anything in the framework, meaning that all (.Net) permissions are granted. The GAC has FullTrust because it’s on the local HD, and that has FullTrust by default, you can change that using caspol

Q17 - Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.

Q18 - The Debug.Write call won’t be compiled when the DEBUG symbol is not defined (when doing a release build). Trace.Write calls will be compiled. Debug.Write is for information you want only in debug builds, Trace.Write is for when you want it in release build as well. And in any case, you should use something like log4net because that is both faster and better

Q19 - Debug build contain debug symbols and can be debugged while release build doesn’t contain debug symbols, doesn’t have [Contional(”DEBUG”)] methods calls compiled, can’t be debugged (easily, that is), less checking, etc. There should be a speed difference, because of disabling debug methods, reducing code size etc but that is not a guarantee (at least not a significant one)

Q21 - In the interface all methods must be abstract, in the abstract class some methods can be concrete. In the interface no accessibility modifiers are allowed, which is ok in abstract classes

Q22 - a equals b -> copies contents of b to a
a == b -> checks if a is equal to b

Q24 - System.Array.CopyTo() - Deep copies an Array

Q26 - Boxing is an implicit conversion of a value type to the type object
int i = 123; // A value type
Object box = i // Boxing
Unboxing is an explicit conversion from the type object to a value type
int i = 123; // A value type
object box = i; // Boxing
int j = (int)box; // Unboxing

Q27 - String is Reference Type.
Value type - bool, byte, chat, decimal, double, enum , float, int, long, sbyte, short,strut, uint, ulong, ushort
Value types are stored in the Stack
Reference type - class, delegate, interface, object, string
Reference types are stored in the Heap

Tech Interviews comment by Harish

10.  What’s wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString)

the result returned by this function is not assigned to anything, should be something like
varx = DateTime.Parse(myString)

Tech Interviews comment by flupo

11.  Q4. An EXE can run independently, whereas DLL will run within an EXE. DLL is an in-process file and EXE is an out-process file

Tech Interviews comment by Devapriya

12.  What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?

Equals method compares both type and value of the variable, while == compares value.

int a = 0;
bool b = 0

if(a.Equals(b))

Tech Interviews comment by flupo

13.  Q 12 What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i “about
This command is used to install strong typed assembly in GAC

Tech Interviews comment by raksha

14.  Q14) Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each
A. Service Oriented Architecture. In SOA you create an abstract layer that your applications use to access various “services” and can aggregate the services. These services could be databases, web services, message queues or other sources. The Service Layer provides a way to access these services that the applications do not need to know how the access is done. For example, to get a full customer record, I might need to get data from a SGL Server database, a web service and a message queue. The Service layer hides this from the calling application. All the application knows is that it asked for a full customer record. It doesn’t know what system or systems it came from or how it was retrieved.

Tech Interviews comment by raksha

15.  8.) Cyclomatic complexity is a computer science metric (measurement) developed by Thomas McCabe used to generally measure the complexity of a program. It directly measures the number of linearly independent paths through a program’s source code.

The concept, although not the method, is somewhat similiar to that of general text complexity measured by the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test.

Cyclomatic complexity is computed using a graph that describes the control flow of the program. The nodes of the graph correspond to the commands of a program. A directed edge connects two nodes, if the second command might be executed immediately after the first command. By definition,

CC = E - N + P

where
CC = cyclomatic complexity
E = the number of edges of the graph
N = the number of nodes of the graph
P = the number of connected components.

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Tech Interviews comment by Marc

A reader recently interviewed for C# position at Wipro and sent the following questions:

1.    Difference between directcast and ctype.

2.    An example of a ctype and directcast.

3.    ctype(123.34,integer) - should it throw an error? Why or why not?

4.    directcast(123.34,integer) - should it throw an error? Why or why not?

5.    Difference between a sub and a function.

6.    Explain manifest & metadata.

7.    Scope of public/private/friend/protected/protected friend.

8.    Different kinds of methods.

9.    Difference between imperative and interrogative code.

10.  Difference between value and reference type.

11.  What are the two kinds of properties.

12.  What is the raise event used for?

13.  Explain constructor.

14.  What is a resource? Provide an example from your recent project.

15.  What is a system lock?

16.  Describe ways of cleaning up objects.

17.  Where does the dispose method lie and how can it be used to clean up resources?

18.  How can you clean up objects holding resources from within the code?

Do you have a job interview with Wipro? Read what others had to say.

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16 Comments »

1.    Why is a c# position getting asked VB.NET questions? Are they playing a trick on this person?

Tech Interviews comment by Deric Cheng

2.    Ans 1)
DirectCast requires the run-time type of an object variable to bethe same as the specified type.The run-time performance ofDirectCast is better than that of CType, if the specified type and the run-time typeof the expression are the same.
Ctype works fine if there is a valid conversion defined between the expression and the type.

Tech Interviews comment by raj kiran jampa

3.    Ans3) It would work fine. As the runtime type of 123.34 would be double, and Double can be converted to Integer.
Ans4) It would throw an InvalidCast exception as the runtime type of 123.34 (double) doesnt match with Integer.

Tech Interviews comment by raj kiran jampa

4.    Ans 18) Call the dispose method from code for clean up of objects

Tech Interviews comment by Tkum

5.    Ans 5) A Sub does not return anything whereas a Function returns something.

Tech Interviews comment by Prashanth Gajra

6.    Ans 5)
-A Sub Procedure is a method will not return a value
-A sub procedure will be defined with a “Sub” keyword

Sub ShowName(ByVal myName As String)
Console.WriteLine(”My name is: ” & myName)
End Sub

-A function is a method that will return value(s).
-A function will be defined with a “Function” keyword

Function FindSum(ByVal num1 As Integer, ByVal num2 As Integer) As Integer
Dim sum As Integer = num1 + num2
Return sum
End Function

Tech Interviews comment by Yatish

7.    Difference between imperative and interrogative code. in .net

Tech Interviews comment by kirankumar

8.    What are the two kinds of properties .net

Tech Interviews comment by kirankumar

9.    Where does the dispose method lie and how can it be used to clean up resources in .net

Tech Interviews comment by kirankumar

10.  Difference between a sub and a function. in .net

Tech Interviews comment by kirankumar

11.  6. Manifest is metadata about assemblies. Metadata is machine-readable information about a resource, or “”data about data.” In .NET, metadata includes type definitions, version information, external assembly references, and other standardized information.

9. There are imperative and interrogative functions and I think they are talking about that. Imperative functions are the one which return a value while the interrogative functions do not return a value.

11. Two types of properties in .Net: Get & Set

12. Raise events are well explained herer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vblr7/html/vastmRaiseEvent.asp

13. Constructor is a method in the class which has the same name as the class (in VB.Net its New()). It initialises the member attributes whenever an instance of the class is created.

Tech Interviews comment by Rajeev Ranjan

12.  16.Describe ways of cleaning up objects

There is a perfect tool provide by .net frameworks calles Garbage collector, where by mean
of GC we can clean up the object and reclaim the memory.The namespace used is System.GC

Tech Interviews comment by madhu

13.  Scope of public/private/friend/protected/protected friend.

Visual Basic/Visual C#

Public/public All members in all classes and projects.

Private/private Members of the current class only.

Friend/internal All members in the current project.

Protected/protected All members in the current class and in classes derived from this member’s class. Can be used only in member definitions, not for class or module definitions.

Protected Friend/protected internal All members in the current project and all members in classes derived from this member’s class. Can be used only in member definitions, not for class or module definitions.

Tech Interviews comment by Rakshit R Pitalia

14.  6. Explain Manifest and Metadata?
Manifest: Manifest describes assembly itself.
Assembly Name, version number, culture, strong name, list of all files, Type references, and referenced assemblies.
Metadata: Metadata describes contents in an assembly classes, interfaces, enums, structs, etc., and their containing namespaces, the name of each type, its visibility/scope, its base class, the nterfaces it implemented, its methods and their scope, and each method’s parameters, type’s properties, and so on.

10. what are value types and reference types?
Value type - bool, byte, chat, decimal, double, enum , float, int, long, sbyte, short, strut, uint, ulong, ushort
Value types are stored in the Stack
Reference type - class, delegate, interface, object, string
Reference types are stored in the Heap

Tech Interviews comment by Harish

15.  ans 16) the run time will maintain a service called as garbage collector.this service will take care of deallocating memory corresponding to objects.it works as a thread with least priority.when application demenads for memory the runtime will take care of setting the high priority for the garbage collector,so that it will be called for execution and memory will be released.the programmer can make a call to garbage colector by using GC class in ststem name space.

Tech Interviews comment by santosh vijaykumar

16.  1.Which controls do not have events?
Ans:Timer control.

2.What is the maximum size of the textbox?
Ans:65536.

3.Which property of the textbox cannot be changed at runtime?
Ans:Locked Porperty.

4.Which control cannot be placed in MDI?
Ans:The controls that do not have events.

Tech Interviews comment by Karthika Mohan

A reader sent in the list of open-ended .NET interview questions.

1.    What is the difference between VB 6 and VB.NET?

2.    What are the authentication methods in .NET?

3.    What’s the use of formatters in .NET?

4.    What is Serialization in .NET?

5.    How is Threading done in .NET?

6.    Differences between Namespace, Class, Assembly?

7.    What’s the use of System.Diagnostics.Process class?

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13 Comments »

1.    Answer for Ques #7. Provides access to local and remote processes and enables you to start and stop local system processes.

Tech Interviews comment by Rafiq

2.    Difference between VB6 and VB.Net

vb.net

1. VB.net is object oriented
2. VB.Net can be used in Managed Code
3. It supports inheritance, implements

Tech Interviews comment by T.Sriniwas

3.    Difference between VB6 and VB.Net

vb.net

1. VB.net is object oriented
2. VB.Net can be used in Managed Code
3. It supports inheritance, implements

Tech Interviews comment by T.Sriniwas

4.    i want interview questions in dot net techonolgy

Tech Interviews comment by sathya

5.    hi
this is good information for the programmers and the persons who are looking for jobs.

Tech Interviews comment by rishabh mishra

6.    Differences between VB and VB.net

VB
_________________________________________

1,Object-based Language
2,Doesnot support Threading
3,Not powerful Exception handling
mechanism
4,Doesnot having support for the
console based applications
5,Cannot use more than one version
of com objects in vb application
called DLL error
6,Doesnot support for the Disconnected
data source.

VB.Net
__________________________
1,Object-oriented Language
2,supports Threading
3,powerful Exception handling
mechanism
4,having support for the
console based applications
5,More than one version of
dll is supported
6,supports the Disconnected
data source by using Dataset class

Tech Interviews comment by shreecanth

7.    What is Serialization in .NET?

The serialization is the process of converting the objects into stream of bytes.
they or used for transport the objects(via remoting) and persist objects(via files and databases)

Tech Interviews comment by madhu

8.    What is use of System.Diagnostics.Process class?

By using System.Diagnostics.Process class, we can provide access to the files which are presented in the local and remote system.

Example: System.Diagnostics.Process(”c:\mlaks\example.txt”) — local file
System.Diagnostics.Process(”http://www.mlaks.com\example.txt”) — remote file

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

9.    difference between VB6 and VB.NET

VB:

1. Object-based language
2. Does not support inheritance
3. ADO.Net does not give support for disconnected data architecture
4. No interoperability function
5. No support for threading

VB.Net

1. Object-Oriented Programming lanugage
2. ADO.Net gives support for disconnected data architecture
3. It provides interoperability
4. It uses managed code
5. supports threading
6. provides access to third-party controls like COM, DCOM

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

10.  what are the authentication methods in .NET?
Ans:
1. Windows: Basic, digest or Integrated windows authentication
2. Microsoft passport Authentication
3. Forms Authentication
4. Client Certificate Authentication

Tech Interviews comment by lakshmi

11.  Dear Provider,

Thanx a lot for such a helpful techinterview questions with andwers which helps everyone to get rid of books.

Regards,

Mitul.

Tech Interviews comment by Mitul

12.  Dear Tech,
this is sriram. one suggestion that, why cont you add some info/questions about infragitics related to .NET,Java,.. Because this is one of the requirements in companies…
If you do so.. I will be thank full and all others may get gained to this… Even many of the members dont know about this.. And they will get known to this.. If you do so…
OK
Thanking you,
-sriram

Tech Interviews comment by sriram

1.    Explain the .NET architecture.

2.    How many languages .NET is supporting now? - When .NET was introduced it came with several languages. VB.NET, C#, COBOL and Perl, etc. The site DotNetLanguages.Net says 44 languages are supported.

3.    How is .NET able to support multiple languages? - a language should comply with the Common Language Runtime standard to become a .NET language. In .NET, code is compiled to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL for short). This is called as Managed Code. This Managed code is run in .NET environment. So after compilation to this IL the language is not a barrier. A code can call or use a function written in another language.

4.    How ASP .NET different from ASP? - Scripting is separated from the HTML, Code is compiled as a DLL, these DLLs can be executed on the server.

5.    Resource Files: How to use the resource files, how to know which language to use?

6.    What is smart navigation? - The cursor position is maintained when the page gets refreshed due to the server side validation and the page gets refreshed.

7.    What is view state? - The web is stateless. But in ASP.NET, the state of a page is maintained in the in the page itself automatically. How? The values are encrypted and saved in hidden controls. this is done automatically by the ASP.NET. This can be switched off / on for a single control

8.    Explain the life cycle of an ASP .NET page.

9.    How do you validate the controls in an ASP .NET page? - Using special validation controls that are meant for this. We have Range Validator, Email Validator.

10.  Can the validation be done in the server side? Or this can be done only in the Client side? - Client side is done by default. Server side validation is also possible. We can switch off the client side and server side can be done.

11.  How to manage pagination in a page? - Using pagination option in DataGrid control. We have to set the number of records for a page, then it takes care of pagination by itself.

12.  What is ADO .NET and what is difference between ADO and ADO.NET? - ADO.NET is stateless mechanism. I can treat the ADO.Net as a separate in-memory database where in I can use relationships between the tables and select insert and updates to the database. I can update the actual database as a batch.

more interview questions - all .NET and Web dev interview questions

8 Comments »

1.    I want a detailed answer for the question.

1)Explain the life cycle of an ASP .NET page.
2)Explain the .NET architecture.

Tech Interviews comment by Avinash GJ

2.    When a page request is sent to the Web server, whether through a submission or location change, the page is run through a series of events during its creation and disposal. When we try to build ASP.NET pages and this execution cycle is not taken into account, we can cause a lot of headaches for ourselves. However, when used and manipulated correctly, a page’s execution cycle can be an effective and powerful tool. Many developers are realizing that understanding what happens and when it happens is crucial to effectively writing ASP.NET pages or user controls. So let’s examine in detail the ten events of an ASP.NET page, from creation to disposal. We will also see how to tap into these events to implant our own custom code.

I’ll set the stage with a simple submission form written in ASP.NET with C#. The page is loaded for the first time and has several server-side Web controls on it. When the Web server receives a request for the page, it will process our Web controls and we will eventually get rendered HTML. The first step in processing our page is object initialization.

Download source code
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1. Object Initialization

A page’s controls (and the page itself) are first initialized in their raw form. By declaring your objects within the constructor of your C# code-behind file (see Figure 1), the page knows what types of objects and how many to create. Once you have declared your objects within your constructor, you may then access them from any sub class, method, event, or property. However, if any of your objects are controls specified within your ASPX file, at this point the controls have no attributes or properties. It is dangerous to access them through code, as there is no guarantee of what order the control instances will be created (if they are created at all). The initialization event can be overridden using the OnInit method.

Figure 1 - Controls are initialized based on their declaration.

2. Load Viewstate Data

After the Init event, controls can be referenced using their IDs only (no DOM is established yet for relative references). At LoadViewState event, the initialized controls receive their first properties: viewstate information that was persisted back to the server on the last submission. The page viewstate is managed by ASP.NET and is used to persist information over a page roundtrip to the server. Viewstate information is saved as a string of name/value pairs and contains information such as control text or value. The viewstate is held in the value property of a hidden control that is passed from page request to page request. As you can see, this is a giant leap forward from the old ASP 3.0 techniques of maintaining state. This event can be overridden using the LoadViewState method and is commonly used to customize the data received by the control at the time it is populated. Figure 2 shows an example of overriding and setting viewstate at the LoadViewState event.

Figure 2 - When LoadViewState is fired, controls are populated with the appropriate viewstate data.

3. LoadPostData Processes Postback Data

During this phase of the page creation, form data that was posted to the server (termed postback data in ASP.NET) is processed against each control that requires it. When a page submits a form, the framework will implement the IPostBackDataHandler interface on each control that submitted data. The page then fires the LoadPostData event and parses through the page to find each control that implements this interface and updates the control state with the correct postback data. ASP.NET updates the correct control by matching the control’s unique ID with the name/value pair in the NameValueCollection. This is one reason that ASP.NET requires unique IDs for each control on any given page. Extra steps are taken by the framework to ensure each ID is unique in situations, such as several custom user controls existing on a single page. After the LoadPostData event triggers, the RaisePostDataChanged event is free to execute (see below).

4. Object Load

Objects take true form during the Load event. All object are first arranged in the page DOM (called the Control Tree in ASP.NET) and can be referenced easily through code or relative position (crawling the DOM). Objects are then free to retrieve the client-side properties set in the HTML, such as width, value, or visibility. During Load, coded logic, such as arithmetic, setting control properties programmatically, and using the StringBuilder to assemble a string for output, is also executed. This stage is where the majority of work happens. The Load event can be overridden by calling OnLoad as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 - The OnLoad event is an ideal location to place logic.

5. Raise PostBack Change Events

As stated earlier, this occurs after all controls that implement the IPostBackDataHandler interface have been updated with the correct postback data. During this operation, each control is flagged with a Boolean on whether its data was actually changed or remains the same since the previous submit. ASP.NET then sweeps through the page looking for flags indicating that any object’s data has been updated and fires RaisePostDataChanged. The RaisePostDataChanged event does not fire until all controls are updated and after the Load event has occurred. This ensures data in another control is not manually altered during the RaisePostDataChanged event before it is updated with postback data.

6. Process Client-Side PostBack Event

After the server-side events fire on data that was changed due to postback updates, the object which caused the postback is handled at the RaisePostBackEvent event. The offending object is usually a control that posted the page back to the server due to a state change (with autopostback enabled) or a form submit button that was clicked. There is often code that will execute in this event, as this is an ideal location to handle event-driven logic. The RaisePostBackEvent event fires last in the series of postback events due to the accuracy of the data that is rendered to the browser.

Controls that are changed during postback should not be updated after the executing function is called due to the consistency factor. That is, data that is changed by an anticipated event should always be reflected in the resulting page. The RaisePostBackEvent can be trapped by catching RaisePostBackEvent, as in Figure 4.

Figure 4 - The RaisePostDataChanged and RaisePostBackEvent events are defined by the IPostBackDataHandler interface.

7. Prerender the Objects

The point at which the objects are prerendered is the last time changes to the objects can be saved or persisted to viewstate. This makes the PreRender step a good place to make final modifications, such as changing properties of controls or changing Control Tree structure, without having to worry about ASP.NET making changes to objects based off of database calls or viewstate updates. After the PreRender phase those changes to objects are locked in and can no longer be saved to the page viewstate. The PreRender step can be overridden using OnPreRender

8. ViewState Saved

The viewstate is saved after all changes to the page objects have occurred. Object state data is persisted in the hidden object and this is also where object state data is prepared to be rendered to HTML. At the SaveViewState event, values can be saved to the ViewState object, but changes to page controls are not. You can override this step by using SaveViewState, as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 - Values are set for controls in OnPreRender. During the SaveViewState event, values are set for the ViewState object.

9. Render To HTML

The Render event commences the building of the page by assembling the HTML for output to the browser. During the Render event, the page calls on the objects to render themselves into HTML. The page then collects the HTML for delivery. When the Render event is overridden, the developer can write custom HTML to the browser that nullifies all the HTML the page has created thus far. The Render method takes an HtmlTextWriter object as a parameter and uses that to output HTML to be streamed to the browser. Changes can still be made at this point, but they are reflected to the client only. The Render event can be overridden, as shown in Figure 6 (below).

10. Disposal

After the page’s HTML is rendered, the objects are disposed of. During the Dispose event, you should destroy any objects or references you have created in building the page. At this point, all processing has occurred and it is safe to dispose of any remaining objects, including the Page object. You can override Dispose, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 - The Render event will output custom HTML to the browser through the HtmlTextWriter object.

Conclusion

Each time we request an ASP.NET page, we run through the same process from initialization to disposal. By understanding the inner workings of the ASP.NET page process, writing and debugging our code will be much easier and effective (not to mention less frustrating).

Tech Interviews comment by Elango Kumar

3.    I want a detailed answer for the question.

1)Explain the life cycle of an ASP .NET page.
2)Explain the .NET architecture.

1) what r object oriented concepts?
a)

2)how do u create multiple inheritance in c# and .net?
a)

3)When web.config is called
a)

4)how many weg.configs a application can have
a)

5)how do u set language in weg.config
a)

6)what does connection string consists of
a)

7)where do u store connection string
a)

8)what is abstract class?
a)

9)what is diff b/w interface inhertance and class inheritance
a)

10)what are the collection classes
a)

11)what are the types of thrading models?
a)

12)what inheritance support vb.net
a)

13)what is runtime host?
a)

14)OOPS CONCEPS
a)

15)optimization technique description
a)

16)diff b/w application and session
a)

17)what is web application virtual directory?
a)

18)diff b/w Active.exe and Dll
a)

19)connection pooling in MTS?
A)

20)if cookies is disabled in client browser will session work
a)

21)how do u make your site SSL enabled
a)

22)did u work an IIS adminstration
a)

23)the following code execute successfully
response.write(“value of i=”+i);
a)

24)what are the provides available with vb.net?
a)

25)what is a Process,Sesion and Cookie.
a)

26)what are Abstrat base classes?
a)

27)what r the diff b/w bstract base classes and Abstrat classes
a)

28)what r interface in .net?
a)

29)how is Polymorphism supports in .net?
a)

30)what r the 2 types of polymorphism supports in .net?
a)

31)types of compatibilities and explain them
a)

32)
what is aggregative? How can it be implements in .net?

a)

33)diff b/w COM components and .net components?how to register it
a)

34)diff b/w early binding and late binding?
a)

35)ASP.NET OBJECTS?
A)

36)asp.net life cycle? When request mode
a)

37)bout ado and its objects
a)

38)what is side by side execution
a)

39) what serialization?
a)

40)about a class access specifiers and method acess specifiers
a)

41)what diff b/w overloading and overriding ? how can this be .net
a)

42)about virtual function and then use
a)

how do u implement inhetance in .net?
a)

44)if I want to override a method 1 of class A and this class B then how do u declared
a)

45)
About friend and protected friend
a)

46)bout multiple and multi_level Inhertance how to a chive in .net?
a)

47)ALL kind of access specifiers for a class and for methos?
a)

48)on ODP.NET
A)

49)what is nonpderterministic finalization?
a)

50)what is isPostback property?
a)

51)what is dictionary base class?

a)

52)how can a class be extended and how is this mechanism difff from that of implementation an interface?
a)

53) What are indexes .net?
a)

54)How can indexeses be implemented in .net?
a)

Tech Interviews comment by murali

4.    Do you not have any cartagory for ‘C’ PROGRAMING LANGUAGE?

Tech Interviews comment by JAYANTA KARMAKAR

5.    hi friends,

1. Can some body explain me the concept of boxing and unboxing ?? Is this done exlpicitly or is done implicitly???? what is the need of boxing??

2. What is viewstate in asp.net ??? Please explain the concept of
viewstate??? Is this a property of web page or of asp.net server controls?

3. what is ISpostback method in asp.net ?

4.What is the diffrence between page_init() and page_load() event?? Can we perform something page_init() which is visible to us as a result ????

Please send me the answers at my email id rohit_afreen@rediffmail.com

Tech Interviews comment by Rohit Kochar

6.    if you dont know what is an abstract class, why in the hell are you postuling for a job?
Learn the language first then come to this site.

Tech Interviews comment by karine

7.    Can Any one tell me what is called web service in .net…
Actuallly I know what it is for but I just want to know in simple description…

Tech Interviews comment by Elango Kumar

8.    Mr Murali
4)how many weg.configs a application can have
a)We can have more than one web.config file in an application

 

The following set was set in by a reader of the site:

Following are the questions from an interview I attended for in C#, ASP.NET, XML and Sql Server. I will try to add some more as soon as I recollect. Hope these questions will be useful for people attending interviews in this area.

1.    What is the maximum length of a varchar field in SQL Server?

2.    How do you define an integer in SQL Server?

3.    How do you separate business logic while creating an ASP.NET application?

4.    If there is a calendar control to be included in each page of your application, and we do not intend to use the Microsoft-provided calendar control, how do you develop it? Do you copy and paste the code into each and very page of your application?

5.    How do you debug an ASP.NET application?

6.    How do you deploy an ASP.NET application?

7.    Name a few differences between .NET application and a Java application?

8.    Specify the best ways to store variables so that we can access them in various pages of ASP.NET application?

9.    What are the XML files that are important in developing an ASP.NET application?

10.  What is XSLT and what is its use?

more interview questions - all Java and .NET interview questions

4 Comments »

1.    q1. 8000 (nvarchar = 4000)
q2. int
q3. use code behind (general answer)
q4. write your own user control and either register the control page level, or load it at runtime
q5. use vs.net to debug with breakpoints and localwatch; enable page tracing
q6. use web setup project, or use vs.net to copy project, or just xcopy the files over
q7. languages, .net platform specific
q8. session, cache, application level, database, external files, viewstate, querystring
q9. web.config is used to store info on the webapp
q10.xslt lets you transform an xml document into a presentable format

just a quick post

observer*

Tech Interviews comment by Observer

2.    1:
It depends on what version of SQL Server. In 2K, it’s 8k. If you’re using nvarchars, it’s half that.

2:
Use the int keyword. I’m not sure what the question is asking: if you want to know what an int is defined as, it’s a 32-bit signed integer, from -(2^31 - 1) to (2^31 - 1). Adding the unsigned keyword buys you one more bit.

3:
Many ways. A few: 1) create tiers, but the business logic in a different tier; 2) put it in a different assembly; 3) put it in SPs. There are more, but the specific one you use should depend on your application. Each has pros and cons.

4:
Create a web control. If you’re using VS.NET, you’re only a few steps away from drag-and-drop into any ASP.NET page.

5:
VS.NET makes it easy, if you have it; just run in debug mode and you can step through your code. Otherwise, you’re doing a lot of Response.Write statements or logging to a disk, or something of that sort.

6:
Assuming: 1) you’ve compiled in release mode, 2) you’ve satisfied all your other procedural requirements (those depend on the group you’re working in) and, 3) there’s existing web space that’s set up correctly, copy the aspx files, then the dll files from the bin directory into a bin directory. Don’t forget any ancillary files like web.config or other configuration files you may have referred to in code. It’s really more complicated than that most of the time, but those are the general steps.

8:
It’s always best to assume that your target environment will one day be clustered. If it’s set up right, you should be able to use application variables. It may not be, so it’s often wise to store them externally and write access wrappers. “Externally” could mean in a DB or static files. If your application is big and hardcore, setting up a web service on a “cluster controller” to feed the cluster machines isn’t a terrible idea, either.

9:
Web.config is the most important. Specific configuration determines which others might be important.

10:
XSLT transforms XML into XML. If you have an XML data file and you need to change the variable names (e.g. — if some part of your data tier gives you XML, but in the wrong format), XSLT will give you the right XML listing. It can also be used to transform XML data into XHTML for display to the user. Some browsers will do the XML-XHTML conversion automatically, but that’s a dangerous assumption if you’re in a heterogenous environment.

I’m not going to answer #7. There are lots of differences from the ground up. For one, you can’t compare Java to .NET. You can compare J2EE to .NET, or Java to C#. I don’t compare the languages; I just write in both. J2EE is a more defined environment, but Microsoft covers a lot of the gaps with application software. There are entire books about this, and most of them get into the religious questions.

Tech Interviews comment by Stephan Samuel

3.    Ans - Q.5: To debug precompiled components such as business objects and code-behind modules, you need to generate debug symbols. To do this, compile the components with the debug flags by using either Visual Studio .NET or a command line compiler such as Csc.exe (for Microsoft Visual C# .NET) or Vbc.exe (for Microsoft Visual Visual Basic .NET).

C# .NET interview questions

Good for preparation and general self-testing, but too specific for the actual job interview. This was sent in by a job applicant getting ready to step into the .NET field in India.

1.    Are private class-level variables inherited? - Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are.

2.    Why does DllImport not work for me? - All methods marked with the DllImport attribute must be marked as public static extern.

3.    Why does my Windows application pop up a console window every time I run it? - Make sure that the target type set in the project properties setting is set to Windows Application, and not Console Application. If you’re using the command line, compile with /target:winexe, not /target:exe.

4.    Why do I get an error (CS1006) when trying to declare a method without specifying a return type? - If you leave off the return type on a method declaration, the compiler thinks you are trying to declare a constructor. So if you are trying to declare a method that returns nothing, use void. The following is an example: // This results in a CS1006 error public static staticMethod (mainStatic obj) // This will work as wanted public static void staticMethod (mainStatic obj)

5.    Why do I get a syntax error when trying to declare a variable called checked? - The word checked is a keyword in C#.

6.    Why do I get a security exception when I try to run my C# app? - Some security exceptions are thrown if you are working on a network share. There are some parts of the frameworks that will not run if being run off a share (roaming profile, mapped drives, etc.). To see if this is what’s happening, just move the executable over to your local drive and see if it runs without the exceptions. One of the common exceptions thrown under these conditions is System.Security.SecurityException. To get around this, you can change your security policy for the intranet zone, code group 1.2, (the zone that running off shared folders falls into) by using the caspol.exe tool.

7.    Why do I get a CS5001: does not have an entry point defined error when compiling? - The most common problem is that you used a lowercase ‘m’ when defining the Main method. The correct way to implement the entry point is as follows: class test { static void Main(string[] args) {} }

8.    What optimizations does the C# compiler perform when you use the /optimize+ compiler option? - The following is a response from a developer on the C# compiler team: We get rid of unused locals (i.e., locals that are never read, even if assigned). We get rid of unreachable code. We get rid of try-catch with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty try. We get rid of try-finally with an empty finally. We optimize branches over branches: gotoif A, lab1 goto lab2: lab1: turns into: gotoif !A, lab2 lab1: We optimize branches to ret, branches to next instruction, and branches to branches.

9.    What is the syntax for calling an overloaded constructor within a constructor (this() and constructorname() does not compile)? - The syntax for calling another constructor is as follows: class B { B(int i) { } } class C : B { C() : base(5) // call base constructor B(5) { } C(int i) : this() // call C() { } public static void Main() {} }

10.  What is the equivalent to regsvr32 and regsvr32 /u a file in .NET development? - Try using RegAsm.exe. Search MSDN on Assembly Registration Tool.

11.  What is the difference between a struct and a class in C#? - From language spec: The list of similarities between classes and structs is as follows. Longstructs can implement interfaces and can have the same kinds of members as classes. Structs differ from classes in several important ways; however, structs are value types rather than reference types, and inheritance is not supported for structs. Struct values are stored on the stack or in-line. Careful programmers can sometimes enhance performance through judicious use of structs. For example, the use of a struct rather than a class for a Point can make a large difference in the number of memory allocations performed at runtime. The program below creates and initializes an array of 100 points. With Point implemented as a class, 101 separate objects are instantiated-one for the array and one each for the 100 elements.

12.  My switch statement works differently than in C++! Why? - C# does not support an explicit fall through for case blocks. The following code is not legal and will not compile in C#:

13.       switch(x)

14.       {

15.              case 0: // do something

16.              case 1: // do something as continuation of case 0

17.              default: // do something in common with

18.                    //0, 1 and everything else

19.              break;

20.       }

To achieve the same effect in C#, the code must be modified as shown below (notice how the control flows are explicit):

class Test

{

 public static void Main() {

        int x = 3;

        switch(x)

        {

              case 0: // do something

              goto case 1;

              case 1: // do something in common with 0

              goto default;

              default: // do something in common with 0, 1, and anything else

              break;

        }

 }

}

21.  Is there regular expression (regex) support available to C# developers? - Yes. The .NET class libraries provide support for regular expressions. Look at the System.Text.RegularExpressions namespace.

22.  Is there any sample C# code for simple threading? - Yes:

23.       using System;

24.       using System.Threading;

25.       class ThreadTest

26.       {

27.              public void runme()

28.              {

29.                    Console.WriteLine(\"Runme Called\");

30.              }

31.              public static void Main(String[] args)

32.              {

33.                    ThreadTest b = new ThreadTest();

34.                    Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(b.runme));

35.                    t.Start();

36.              }

}

37.  Is there an equivalent of exit() for quitting a C# .NET application? - Yes, you can use System.Environment.Exit(int exitCode) to exit the application or Application.Exit() if it’s a Windows Forms app.

38.  Is there a way to force garbage collection? - Yes. Set all references to null and then call System.GC.Collect(). If you need to have some objects destructed, and System.GC.Collect() doesn’t seem to be doing it for you, you can force finalizers to be run by setting all the references to the object to null and then calling System.GC.RunFinalizers().

39.  Is there a way of specifying which block or loop to break out of when working with nested loops? - The easiest way is to use goto:

40.       using System;

41.       class BreakExample

42.       {

43.              public static void Main(String[] args) {

44.                    for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

45.                    {

46.                           Console.WriteLine(\"Pass {0}: \", i);

47.                           for( int j=0 ; j<100 ; j++ )

48.                           {

49.                                 if ( j == 10)

50.                                        goto done;

51.                                 Console.WriteLine(\"{0} \", j);

52.                           }

53.                           Console.WriteLine(\"This will not print\");

54.                    }

55.                    done:

56.                           Console.WriteLine(\"Loops complete.\");

57.              }

}

A representative of a high-tech company in United Kingdom sent this in today noting that the list was used for interviewing a C# .NET developer. Any corrections and suggestions would be forwarded to the author. I won’t disclose the name of the company, since as far as I know they might still be using this test for prospective employees. Correct answers are in green color.

1) The C# keyword ‘int’ maps to which .NET type?

1.    System.Int16

2.    System.Int32

3.    System.Int64

4.    System.Int128

2) Which of these string definitions will prevent escaping on backslashes in C#?

1.    string s = #”n Test string”;

2.    string s = “’n Test string”;

3.    string s = @”n Test string”;

4.    string s = “n Test string”;

 

3) Which of these statements correctly declares a two-dimensional array in C#?

1.    int[,] myArray;

2.    int[][] myArray;

3.    int[2] myArray;

4.    System.Array[2] myArray;

4) If a method is marked as protected internal who can access it?

1.    Classes that are both in the same assembly and derived from the declaring class.

2.    Only methods that are in the same class as the method in question.

3.    Internal methods can be only be called using reflection.

4.    Classes within the same assembly, and classes derived from the declaring class.

5) What is boxing?

a) Encapsulating an object in a value type.

b) Encapsulating a copy of an object in a value type.

c) Encapsulating a value type in an object.

d) Encapsulating a copy of a value type in an object.

6) What compiler switch creates an xml file from the xml comments in the files in an assembly?

1.    /text

2.    /doc

3.    /xml

4.    /help

7) What is a satellite Assembly?

1.    A peripheral assembly designed to monitor permissions requests from an application.

2.    Any DLL file used by an EXE file.

3.    An assembly containing localized resources for another assembly.

4.    An assembly designed to alter the appearance or ‘skin’ of an application.

8) What is a delegate?

1.    A strongly typed function pointer.

2.    A light weight thread or process that can call a single method.

3.    A reference to an object in a different process.

4.    An inter-process message channel.

9) How does assembly versioning in .NET prevent DLL Hell?

1.    The runtime checks to see that only one version of an assembly is on the machine at any one time.

2.    .NET allows assemblies to specify the name AND the version of any assemblies they need to run.

3.    The compiler offers compile time checking for backward compatibility.

4.    It doesn’t.

10) Which “Gang of Four” design pattern is shown below?

public class A {

    private A instance;

    private A() {

    }

    public
static A Instance {

        get

        {

            if ( A == null )

                A = new A();

            return instance;

        }

    }

}

1.    Factory

2.    Abstract Factory

3.    Singleton

4.    Builder

11) In the NUnit test framework, which attribute must adorn a test class in order for it to be picked up by the NUnit GUI?

1.    TestAttribute

2.    TestClassAttribute

3.    TestFixtureAttribute

4.    NUnitTestClassAttribute

12) Which of the following operations can you NOT perform on an ADO.NET DataSet?

1.    A DataSet can be synchronised with the database.

2.    A DataSet can be synchronised with a RecordSet.

3.    A DataSet can be converted to XML.

4.    You can infer the schema from a DataSet.

13) In Object Oriented Programming, how would you describe encapsulation?

1.    The conversion of one type of object to another.

2.    The runtime resolution of method calls.

3.    The exposition of data.

4.    The separation of interface and implementation.